CSF production

 

Circumventricular organs

 

BBB

 

Ocular pressure control

 

Neurotransmitters

 

Pain

 

Receptors

 

Second messenger

 

Cell types

 

 

 

 

Brain uses almost exclusive glucose as its energy source.

Uptake of glucose is via GLUT1 in cerebral capillaries

 

RQ = 0.95-0.99

 

In prolonged starvation, use other ???? substrate for energy. [WG21:p622]

 

[WG21:p622] Role of glutamate

Glutamate enters the brain, takes up ammonia, and leave as glutamine.

Opposite to the reaction in kidney.

Serves to remove ammonia from brain.

 

 

 

====

 

Neurotransmitters and receptors

Motor nerve to skeletal muscle

Acetylcholine, acting on nicotinc ACh receptor

Sympathetic nerve ganglion

Acetylcholine, acting on nicotinic ACh receptor

Sympathetic postganglionic nerve ending

Noradrenaline, acting on alpha or beta adrenergic receptors

Parasympathetic nerve ganglion

Acetylcholine, acting on nicotinic ACh receptor

Parasympathetic postganglionic nerve ending

Acetylcholine, acting on muscarinic ACh receptor