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Notes
      3. Old stuff
          3.2. Old physio stuff (around 2005)
              3.2.3. Physiology
                  3.2.3.1. Acid and base
                      3.2.3.1.4. From Kerry's book
                          3.2.3.1.4.1. Metabolic acidosis
 3.2.3.1.4.1.1. Causes of metabolic acidosis 

Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

Classified by anion gap

A. High Anion-Gap Acidosis

1. Ketoacidosis

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Alcoholic ketoacidosis
  • Starvation ketoacidosis

2. Lactic Acidosis

  • Type A Lactic acidosis (Impaired perfusion)
  • Type B Lactic acidosis (Impaired carbohydrate metabolism)

3. Renal Failure

  • Uraemic acidosis
  • Acidosis with acute renal failure

4. Toxins

  • Ethylene glycol
  • Methanol
  • Salicylates

B. Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (or Hyperchloraemic acidosis)

1. Renal Causes

  • Renal tubular acidosis
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

2. GIT Causes

  • Severe diarrhoea
  • Uretero-enterostomy or Obstructed ileal conduit
  • Drainage of pancreatic or biliary secretions
  • Small bowel fistula

3. Other Causes

  • Recovery from ketoacidosis
  • Addition of HCl, NH4Cl
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