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Notes
      3. Old stuff
          3.2. Old physio stuff (around 2005)
              3.2.3. Physiology
                  3.2.3.13. Respiratory
 3.2.3.13.4. Regulation of respiration 
 1. Receptor
 2. CNS centres

Respiratory rate

Factors which INCREASE respiratory rate

  1. Hypoxemia
    * via: peripheral
  2. Hypercapnoea
    * via: (mainly) central, peripheral
  3. Acidosis
    * via: peripheral
  4. Hyperthermia
    * via: peripheral, skin
  5. Severe hypotension 
    * via: peripheral, arterial baroreceptor
  6. Exercise 
    * via: joint/muscle receptor
  7. Some chemicals and irritants
    * e.g. nicotine
    * via: peripheral chemoreceptors
  8. Others
    * Pain
    * Emotion (e.g. anxiety)
    --> ????due to cortex and/or sympathetic nervous system stimulation

 

Other factors that affect RR but not part of control mechanism

Voluntary control (to limited extent)

Increased elastic recoil AND/OR lower airway resistance

 

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